一、为何能快充？

Why can be fast recharge？

1、双极板结构，电流密度非常均匀，充电效率更高；

Bipolar structure which makes the current density is very uniform and higher charge efficiency.

2、内阻降低70%，大电流充电发热小(根据电阻发热公式Q=I   *R*t，发热量随电流呈平方数增加)；

Internal resistance 70% decreased compare to traditional battery ,which generates much lower heat during   high current charging process(according to the resistance heating formula q = I   * R* t, the heat value increases in square with the current).

3、内部导电截面积是普通电池的3倍，可承受更大电流而不发热，且压降更小；

The conductive cross section area is around 3 times of traditional which makes it can withstands much higher charge current.

二、为何大电流放电性能优异？

Why it has super performance at high power output?

1、双极板结构，电流密度非常均匀，活性物质利用率更高；

Bipolar structure which makes the current density is very uniform and higher utilization of active mass during high rate discharging.

2、内阻降低70%，大电流放电压降低约1V(根据公式V放=V-I*R，内阻越低，压降越小，输出电压越高)，放电时间更久；

Internal resistance 70% decreased compare to traditional battery ,which makes much lower voltage loss(around 1V per 12V) during high current discharging (according to the formula Vdis=V-I*R, lower resistance, lower voltage loss) ,thus it can discharge longer to a certain end off voltage.

3、内部导电截面积是普通电池的3倍以上，可承受更大电流而不发热，且压降更小；

The conductive cross section area is around 3 times of traditional which makes it can withstands much higher discharge current.

三、为何内阻极低？

Why it has very low internal resistance?

1、双极板结构特殊联接方式缩短了内部导电距离，有效降低了内阻；

Bipolar structure shorten the conductive distance and decreased the resistance.

2、和传统的单极性电池结构相比，水平电池特殊的双极板排布方式省去了电池单体之间联接所需的汇流排，跨桥等联接部件，不但大大降低了欧姆电阻，同时还节省了材料。

Compared with the traditional monopolar battery structure, the special bipolar plates stacking layout eliminates the bus bar and cross bridge connection parts required between each cells inside, which not only greatly reduces the ohmic resistance, but also saves materials.

四、为何循环寿命长？

Why it has good cycle life?

1、双极板结构，电流密度很均匀，充电效率更高(活性物质转化效率更高)；

Bipolar structure which makes the current density is very uniform   and higher charge efficiency;

2、冷挤压成型纯铅复合材料板栅，耐腐蚀性是普通的数倍；

The composite pure lead grid is made by cold extruding process which makes several times corrosion resistance than normal casting technology.

3、水平极板结构，消除了电解液分层现象，有效提升充电接受性能；

Horizontal plates stacking eliminates the electrolyte stratification, which effectively improved the charging efficiency.

4、特殊的循环型配方，提升了循环寿命和过放电恢复性能。

Special cyclic formula integrated, not only increased the cyclic capability but also improved the recovery performance after abuse over discharge.

五、为何更抗振？

Why it has good vibration resistance?

1、内部单体之间特殊三维立体串并结构，连接更牢固；

The special 3D serial and parallel connection structure between the internal cells makes the connection grid more firm and stable.

2、水平极板结构，60KPa以上的高压组装，可有效的抑制了活性物质脱落；

Horizontal plates with more than 60KPa assembling pressure, which effectively inhibits the shedding of active mass during vibration and cyclic.

3、高强度外壳设计，底部增加了10mm厚的井字加强筋。

Unique high-strength container structure design which is totally different form traditional, and extra added a 10mm thick herringbone stiffener at the bottom.

六、为何低温性能很好？

Why it has the best performance at extreme low temperature?

1、AGM技术, 贫液设计, 更耐低温。即电解液吸附于隔板，固态化，不具有流动性(液态更容易被冻住)；

AGM technology and starve design, more resistant to low temperature. That is, the electrolyte is adsorbed in AGM, which is like a solid state and has no fluidity (Popular saying “the liquid is easier to freeze than a solid”).

2、内阻极低，低温下损耗更小(低温下内阻大幅增加，根据V放=V-I*R，放电平台下降；因此基础内阻越低，则受到影响的程度就小得多)；

The internal resistance is very low, and the loss should smaller at low temperature (according to Vdis=V-I*R,   the discharge platform decrease dramatically as the internal resistance increases greatly at low temperature, but   the lower the basic internal resistance, the less voltage loss).

3、双极板结构使得电流密度非常均匀，活性物质利用率更高，因此放电性能更好；

Bipolar structure which makes the current density is very uniform and higher utilization of active mass ,thus

higher discharge performance.

七、为何抗破坏(耐枪击)？

Super safe and reliable!

1、 贫液设计，电解液吸附于隔板，固态化，外壳即使破损无液体泄露；

Starve design, electrolyte adsorbed in AGM, like a solid state, no liquid leakage even if the container is damaged.

2、内部单体间3D立体串并联网络由数百根铅丝构成，任何破环均不可能使其联接完全损坏。因此只要电池没有完全断裂，其仍然会保持正常电压，只是断裂的部分容量失去而已。

The 3D series & parallel connection network between internal cells is composed of hundreds of lead wires, and it is impossible to completely damage all the connections due to any broken. As a result, as long as the battery is not completely broken, it will still maintain the normal voltage, only part of the broken capacity will be lost.

八、具有接近超级电容功率特性

Excellent high power characteristic close to a super capacitor

1、水平双极电池30S以内的比功率高达700~1500W/Kg(超级电容的比功率≥1000W/Kg).

The specific power density within 30S up to 700-1500W/Kg(Super capacitor ≥1000W/Kg )

2、 PSoC状态下可接受3-10C的快速充电.

Can be fast recharge with 3-10C at PSoC state.

九、如何实现免维护？

How it can be maintenance free?

1、水平双极电池本质是仍然是阀控式密封铅酸蓄电池，其特点是采用了新型的材料和新的结构，因此其和普通的AGM密封反应原理是一样的。

The essence of bipolar pure lead battery is still a valve regulated lead-acid battery, which is characterized by the use of new materials and new structure, so it has the same reaction principle as the ordinary AGM battery.

2、全密封结构。

Sealed construction.

十、什么是电解液分层？

What is “stratification”?

1、蓄电池分层是由于电解液稀硫酸是水和酸的混合物，与所有混合物一样，其中H2SO4比H20重得多(H20的比重是1,   H2SO4约1.84)，在重力的影响下，更重的物质有不断下沉的趋势。因此， H2SO4会向下逐渐沉淀并集中在底部。

Battery Stratification is caused by the fact that the electrolyte in the battery is a mixture of water and acid and, like all mixtures, one component, the acid, is heavier than water. Therefore, H2SO4 will begin to sink and concentrate at the bottom.

2、电解液存在的高度(极板高度)越高，分层就越明显；

The higher the plates, the heavier the stratification phenomenon.

3、充电时，生成的H2SO4，而放电时则产生H20, 使得局部的H2SO4浓度不断发生变化，因此在循环过程中加速分层现象。

When charge ,the H2SO4 produced and make higher gravity around the reaction surface. and produced H2O during discharging to decreasethe gravity around. Thus accelerate the stratification during cycling.

4、该现象存在于所有类型铅酸蓄电池；

This phenomenon exists in all types of lead-acid batteries.

5、电解液分层会导致“不同高度反应充放电反应状态不一致”并引起快速硫酸盐化和自放电加快，使得电池性能下降, 寿命也大幅缩短。

Stratification can cause charge/discharge difference at different height of the plates and leads to sulphation and hard to recharge，finally reduced the performance & service life dramatically.

十一、电解液分层动画演示

Animation demonstration

立放和卧放极板的区别Stratification phenomenon in vertical vs horizontal

水平双极电池的水平极板可有效消除电解液分层。

The horizontal plate stacking of bipolar pure lead battery can effectively eliminate electrolyte stratification.

十二、什么是硫酸盐化？

What is sulfation of a batteries?

1、.硫酸盐化是硫酸铅在极板活性物质的孔隙中形成，团聚长大并沉积在表面形成类似盐一样的白色颗粒状态。硫酸铅一旦达到盐化状态，其在充电时难以转化成活性物质,导致不可逆容量损失；

Sulfation is the formation or deposit of lead sulfate on the surface of plates like a salt. If the sulfation becomes excessive and forms large crystals on the plates, the battery will not operate efficiently and may not work at all.

2、蓄电池硫酸化的常见原因是长时间处于过放电状态、工作温度过高和充电不足。
Common causes of battery sulfation are rest long time in a discharged condition, operating at excessive temperatures, and under a prolonged undercharge state.

十三、水平双极电池有记忆效应吗？

Does our battery has“Memory Effect”?

1、什么是记忆效应？

What is the “Memory Effect” that I have heard about?
镍镉电池和镍氢电池，会受到所谓“记忆效应”的影响。即一个电池在充电前进行了部分放电，电池就会“忘记”没有放出的部分，结果下次充电后电池只能放出剩余的部分电量。举例说明：如果你定期给电池充满电，然后在下次充电前只使用其50%的容量，那么电池最终会意识不到其还有的50%容量尚未使用。这样电池仍能正常工作，但只能放出50%容量。

Ni-Cad batteries and Ni-MH batteries, suffer from what's called the "memory effect". What this means is that if a battery is repeatedly only partially discharged before recharging, the battery "forgets" that it has the capacity to further discharge all the way down. To illustrate: If you, on a regular basis, fully charge your battery and then use only 50% of its capacity before the next recharge, eventually the battery will become unaware of its extra 50% capacity which has remained unused. The battery will remain functional, but only release 50% of its original capacity.

2、水平双极电池有记忆效应吗？

Does our battery has any“memory effect”？

水平双极电池没有记忆效应，满足随充随用。

No, a bipolar pure lead battery do not develop any type of memory effect.